Movements

Deep ecology
“Falling in love outward” Robinson Jeffers (poet) Presented by Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess in 1972 through a paper he wrote and was published in 1973 titled “The shallow and deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement”.

Socially produced and constructed, deep ecology thinking emerged form the reality of our present ecological crisis. It focuses on a transformation of consciousness and worldviews in relation to the environment and supports the new social and economic direction that is geared toward sustainability.

Principles:
1. Principle of biospheric equality, places humans in nature not above it.
2. Self –realization; “As one’s own self-realization increases, one incrsilngly identifies with other beings and one’s own self expands outward into the great Self.” Arne Naess refers to this to be the ultimate principle.
3. Respected the land as dwellers in it. Parallels the bioregional movement. “Future primitive: withdrawing from developed land and allowing it to reestablish itself as wilderness
4. The duty of maintaining our environments, not conquering it or making it more efficient. Human’s survival depends on the ecosphere. “Land Ethic” Aldo Leopold 1949.
5. Humans place within and part of nature. Biological and cultural diversity; reached through soft energy and appropriate technology.

Fritjof Capra (writer of The Tao of Physics) calls for a revolution in thought pattern that embraces deep ecology as the best term for the emerging worldviews; not abandoning one for the other but to strive towards a balance between them.

Ecological Design Intelligence
“Ecological design intelligence is the effective adaptation to and integration with nature's processes-can be applied at all levels of scale, creating revolutionary forms of buildings, landscapes, cities, and technologies”. -Sim Van der Ryn and Stuart Cow

Ecological Literacy
“Being ecologically literate means understanding [the] basic principles of organization of ecological communities and being able to embody them in the daily life of human communities.

Teaching this ecological knowledge - which may be called 'principles of ecology,' 'principles of sustainability,' 'principles of community,' or even the 'basic facts of life' - will be the most important role of education in the next century."

Fritjof Capra, Sustainable living, Might best be defined as a lifestyle that could, hypothetically, be sustained unmodified for many generations without exhausting any natural resources.

The term can be applied to individuals or societies. Its adherents most often hold true sustainability as a goal or guide, and make lifestyle tradeoffs favoring sustainability where practical. (Wiki)

Eco psychology
Ecopsychology suggests that there is a synergistic relation between planetary and personal well being; that the needs of the one are relevant to the other.

Environmentalism
A broad, diverse and robust movement. It has provided some of the deepest and most questioning analysis of our ethical relationship to other species of our era. It deploys a wide variety of advocacy paradigms -- policy based interest group analysis is one, but there are also placed-based, values-driven and rights-rooted traditions and models to draw upon.

Environmental justice
The environmental justice movement took root in the 1980s. This "new" movement redefined environmentalism to address issues of equity, disparate impact, and unequal protection.

Environmental Justice is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. Indigenous and poorer communities are exposed to greater environmental hazards in their homes, on their jobs, in their neighborhoods, and on the playgrounds than is the society at large.

Environmental inequities result from a host of industry and government practices such as discriminatory land use; discriminatory facility sighting and clean-up strategies; exclusionary practices that limit participation of governmental agencies charged with protecting public health and the environment, and faulty assumptions in calculating health risks.

Green movement
The Green movement is made up of Green parties of various countries, and relies on the ideals of the larger ecology movement, peace movement, conservation movement, environmental movement and general trend towards environmentalism. A more mainstream term for a member of all of these movements is political ecologist, which is used especially in Europe and academic circles.

New Ecological Paradigm
Expressed from Deep Ecology, a steady state or sustainable society “one that provides for successful human adaptation to a finite ecosystem on a long term basis.”

“Live and let live”

Political ecology
Political ecology is the study of how political, economic, and social factors affect environmental issues. The majority of studies analyze the influence that society, state, corporate, and transnational powers have on creating or exacerbating environmental problems and influencing environmental policy.

Political Ecology can be used to:
• understand the decisions that communities make about the natural environment in the context of their political environment, economic pressure, and societal regulations
• look at how unequal relations among societies affect the natural environment
• look at how unequal relations (especially class) affect the environment

Simple living
Is a lifestyle individuals may pursue for a variety of motivations, such as spirituality, health, or ecology. Others may choose simple living for reasons of social justice or a rejection of consumerism. Some may emphasize an explicit rejection of "westernized values", while others choose to live more simply for reasons of personal taste, a sense of fairness or for personal economy. Simple living as a concept is distinguished from the simple lifestyles of those living in conditions of poverty in that its proponents are consciously choosing to not focus on wealth directly tied to money or restrictive, cash-based http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics"

Social ecology, Eco-socialism or Green socialism
What literally defines social ecology as "social" is its recognition of the often overlooked fact that nearly all our present ecological problems arise from deep-seated social problems. Conversely, present ecological problems cannot be clearly understood, much less resolved, without resolutely dealing with problems within society.

Social ecology is a interdisciplinary field drawing on philosophy, political and social theory, anthropology, history, economics, the natural sciences, and feminism.

To make this point more concrete: economic, ethnic, cultural, and gender conflicts, among many others, lie at the core of the most serious ecological dislocations we face today--apart, to be sure, from those that are produced by natural catastrophes. -Murray Bookchin

Spiritual ecology
Spiritual ecology focuses on the relationships between religions and environments from the local to the global levels to address environmental crises, problems, and issues.

Whole Systems Thinking
“Whole-systems thinking is a process through which the interconnections between systems are actively considered, and solutions are sought that address multiple problems at the same time. Some refer to this process as the search for "solution multipliers."